Microstrip patch antenna combining crown and Sierpinski fractal-shapes

Abstract

This paper presents a design of Microstrip Patch Antenna Combining Crown and Sierpinski Fractal-Shapes and experimentally studied on IE3D software [10]. This design is achieved by cutting multi shapes in square pattern combined with crown & sierpinski fractal shapes and placing a single coaxial feed. The Sierpinski pre-fractal can be defined by an iterated function system (IFS). As a consequence, the geometry has a multilevel structure with many equal sub domains. It is experimentally found that the resonant frequency of the patch can be greatly lowered, and the higher the iteration order of the fractal shapes, the lower the resonant frequency becomes. And this property can be utilized to reduce the size of the microstrip patch antennas. It is also found that, the radiation patterns of the proposed fractal-shaped antennas maintained because of the self-similarity and Centro- symmetry of the fractal shapes. Crown & sierpinski fractal shapes patch antenna is designed on a FR4 substrate of thickness 1.524 mm and relative permittivity of 4.4 and mounted above the ground plane at a height of 6 mm. Bandwidth as high as 31.14% are achieved with stable pattern characteristics, such as gain and cross polarization, within its bandwidth. Impedance bandwidth, antenna gain and return loss are observed for the proposed antenna. Details of the measured and simulated results are presented and discussed. � 2012 ACM.